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charcoal from occupation layer following dates have been received: 14680±150 years ago (ЛЕ-3443),

13930±300 years ago (GIN-4853), 15050±100 (KN-5022), 16010±100 (KN-5023) (Scelinsky, Sirokov,

1999, p. 73).

New evidences of human activity at different archaeological epochs are found out as a result of new ar-

chaeological researches in Kapova cave (2009-2011).

The cultural rests of late Bronze and early Iron Age on an average oor of the cave are studied for the rst

time. Secondary burial places are found out on different sites of the Dome chamber in a layer of epoch of

Bronze. Judging by character of the occupation layer, the cave was used as a cave sanctuary during that pe-

riod. It were young girls who were buried there.

Occupation layers of upper paleolithic have been investigated also. Evidences of numerous human visiting

of the cave are xed. Studying of various points in chambers with painting has shown that archaeological

evidences of repeated visiting are connected with places of a considerable concentration of drawings.

About images near to which there are no other drawings or it is not enough of them, well expressed hori-

zons of repeated visiting aren't present (or evidences of repeated visiting are poorest).

Fragments of broken away stalactites, stalagmites and stones with calcite, brought from another chambers,

have been found out on one site of researches in Dome chamber in the upper paleolith layer. Evidences of

processing of limestone in the cave are received.

Summarizing results of archaeological researches of different years, it is possible to say that different sites

of the occupation layer in the cave represent various functional zones (which most part are possibly ar-

chaeological rather simultaneous) and consequently essentially enough differ on character of the cultural

rests.

Nicolas Zwyns

The onset of laminar technology and the Upper Paleolithic in Gorny-Altai: a view from open-air

sites

The Altai region has yielded a cluster of Middle and Upper Paleolithic stratied sites that have been recently

excavated using a multidisciplinary approach. These sequences provide key-evidences illustrating changes in

material culture corresponding to the transition from Middle to Upper Paleolithic. In Europe, this phenom-

enon is associated with the replacement of Neandertal by anatomically modern humans. Based on this data

set, researchers have put forward different scenarios regarding the transition processes, ranging from

hypotheses of local evolution to migrations. The most popular model proposes a parallel development of

two distinct Upper Paleolithic traditions that both emerged from a local Middle Paleolithic background

(Derevianko, 2010). The Middle Paleolithic strata from Denisova cave thus show a locally-developed leval-

loisian blade-based Upper Paleolithic tradition also occurring at the open-air site of Kara-bom. Simultane-

ously, the Ust-Karakol tradition would testify of a different path leading to the Upper Paleolithic, with some

techno-typological similarities with the European Early Upper Paleolithic. In addition, the Chargirskaya

tradition would represent an intrusive late Mousterian facies, overlapping chronologically with the rst

occurrence of Upper Paleolithic in the area. Questions remain regarding who was responsible for making

these tool technologies. Recent developments in ancient DNA studies have shown that Neandertals were

present in the Altai Mountains around 40 ka (Krause et al., 2007). However, a previously unknown genome

was sequenced, demonstrating the presence of another type of hominin in the region, the so-called ‘Denis-

ovans’ (Krause et al., 2010, Reich et al., 2010). Moreover, the presence of anatomically modern humans is

conrmed since at least 28 ka in Siberia (Akimova et al., 2010).

This study focuses on laminar technology based on a sample of lithic material from open-air sites following

a three-tiered approach. First, the integrity of the sample is assessed based on a taphonomic analysis. Sec-

ond, the lithic material is described using an attribute analysis focusing on the quantication of technologi-

cal features and their variability. This data set is used to support a reconstruction of the laminar reduction

sequences and more generally, of the technical sytems (Zwyns et al., 2011). Third, technical traditions are

identied and their distributions through time and space are evaluated.

Based on a taphonomic and technological analysis of the laminar material from Kara-Bom and Ust-Karakol

Upper Paleolithic open air sites, existing models explaining the early development of Upper Paleolithic tra-

ditions in the area are tested. Questions regarding the integrity and the variability of the lithic assemblages,

their geographic extension and their chronological attribution are addressed. Based on these results, an

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