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Subsequently, the results are compared with data from the Dutch Havelte site Oldeholtwolde as to spatial

organisation.

✉ Ditte Skov Jensen, MA, Aarhus University

Jan F. Kegler

Raw material acquisition during the European Late Palaeolithic: The „rive gauche“ from Mas

d’Azil, in comparison with the late Palaeolithic sites from the middle Rhine valley.

Late paleolithic cave sites at the northern border of the French Pyrenees show a remarkable change of the

used lithic raw material within their the stratigraphical sequences. Especially this can be shown at Troubat

(Hautes-Pyrenées) and on the left river bank of the cave Le Mas d’Azil (Ariège). A clear development of raw

material acquisition is visible on both sites within their stratigraphies. It shows a change from a high percent-

age of exogenous raw material during the Magdalenian – that originates from the Périgord and the French

Mediterranean – to a more or less exclusive use of local raw material during the Azilian. In that time range

the percentages of exogenous to local material nearly inverts completely. This phenomenon can be ob-

served not only at other sites in the geographical region of the northern Pyrenees (e.g. La Balma de la Mar-

ginada, Andorra), but also in broader regions of Europe, where the number of local silex outcrops are

limited or even the material is of less good quality.

A similar process is visible at the “Federmesser” sites in the well-studied area of the Neuwied Basin in the

middle Rhine valley (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany). The used raw material of the Magdalenian site of Gön-

nersdorf and Andernach is dominated by exogenous int that originates approximately 100 km from the

north and accordingly from the northwest. On the other hand the lithic raw material of the Federmesser

sites is clearly dominated by int that is located in the vicinity (up to 20 km) or the expanse (20 to 40 km).

This development might lead to the interpretation that from the nal Magdalenian to the Azilian an evident

increase of the utilisation of local resources took place. This can be clearly illustrated by the change of used

lithic raw materials sources in-between the time range of 14.000 and 10.000 BP. Consequential, the hunter-

gatherers of the Azilian must have remained in a limited regional territory, where they have supplied them-

selves with local lithic material that originates from nearby outcrops. This limited regional territory can be

dened as “regional habitat”. During the circle of the year it allocates all required alimental resources, which

allows man an all-season abidance within the regional habitat. By comparing the regions of southern France

and the middle Rhine valley on the basis of the used raw material during the Pleniglacial, it comes up to a

“regionalisation” of the habitat of man during the Azilian in Europe.

Furthermore an intensive exchange between the regional habitats must have taken place. This clearly illus-

trated by the congenerous spectrum of lithic tools and lithic technology during the Azilian in whole Europe.

The Federmesser sites of the Neuwied Basin, as well as the Azilian layers of the Pyrenean sites show often

a limited amount of exogenous siliex. These can be drawn as a document for a – however natured – wide

range exchange of the hunter-gatherer groups of the Azilian.

References:

Kegler, J.F. 2007: Das Azilien von Mas d‘Azil. Der chronologische und kulturelle Kontext der Rücken-

spitzengruppen in Südwesteuropa. PhD. Thesis, University of Cologne.

Lacombe, S. 1998b: Stratégies d‘approvisionnement en silex au Tardiglaciaires. L‘Exemple des Pyrénées

centrales françaises. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique de l‘Ariège 53, 223-226.

Piette, Ed.1895a: Hiatus et lacune.- Vestiges de la période de transition dans la grotte du Mas d’Azil. Bulletin

de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris, 6, 235-267.

Street et al. 2006: L’occupation du bassin de Neuwied (Rhénanie centrale, Allemagne) par les Magdaléniens

et les groupes à Federmesser (aziliens). Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique française103 (4), 753-

780.

Acknowledgement:

This study has noble been supported by: Deutscher-Akademischer Austausch Dienst, Bonn; Gra-

duiertenförderung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen and the Prinz-Maximilian zu Wied Stiftung, Neuwied.

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