RHINO 697P Manual do Utilizador descarregar pdf (Página 46)

Walker, M. J., J.Ortega Rodrigáñez, M. V. López Martínez, K. Parmová, E. Trikaus. 2011e. Neandertal post-

cranial remains from the Sima de las Palomas del Cabezo Gordo, Murcia, southeastern Spain. Ame-

rican Journal of Physical Anthropology 144: 505-515.

Zaatari, S E., F.E. Grine, P.S. Ungar, J. J. Hublin. 2011. Ecogeographic variation in Neandertal dietary habits:

Evidence from occlusal molar microwear texture analysis. Journal of Human Evolution Volume 61,

4, October 2011, 411-424.

Zilhão J. 2006. Chronostratigraphy of the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in the Iberian peninsula.

Pyrenae 37:7–84.

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Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology Research Group, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology,

Leipzig

Área de Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia,

Murcia

Department of Human Evolution, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig

Melanie Pruvost, E. Andy Bennett, Sophie Champlot, Michael Hofreiter, Norbert Benecke, Monika Reissmann, Thierry

Grange, Arne Ludwig and Eva-Maria Geigl

How realistic were cave paintings?

Archaeologists often argue whether Palaeolithic works of art, such as cave paintings, are reections of the

natural environment of humans at the time and to what extent these cave paintings actually contain creative

artistic expression, reect the entire phenotypic variation of the surrounding environment, or focus on rare

phenotypes and whether they can help systematic classication. The famous paintings „The Dappled Hors-

es of Pech-Merle“, depicting spotted horses on the walls of a cave in Pech-Merle, France, date back ~25,000

years, but the coat pattern portrayed in these cave paintings is remarkably similar to a pattern known as

„leopard“ in modern day horses. Our analysis of nine coat color loci of 31 bones from pre-domestic horses

from Siberia, Middle and Eastern Europe, and the Iberian Peninsula showed that almost all horse colour

phenotypes that one can distinguish in cave paintings have existed in pre-historic horse populations in-

cluded the „leopard“ spotting pattern. Another cave painting in Lascaux was called by the prehistorians „le

panneau de l’hémione“. Hemiones, or Asiatic wild asses, were believed, however, to be absent from Europe,

in contrast to the European ass, a palaeontological species called „Hydruntine“. Our palaeogenetic analysis

of a large number of bones of small equids from Eurasia led to a revision of the systematics of small equids

and showed the existence in France during the Pleistocene of wild asses of the type of E. hemionus and

that the hydruntine was a subspecies of the hemiones. Thus, the name given to the cave painting in Lascaux

“le panneau de l’hémione” is correct.

Florent Rivals (1,2) and Gina Semprebon (3)

How long did you stay? Using tooth microwear to estimate the duration of hominid occupations at

archaeological sites

Characterization of settlement patterns is one of the core concepts in archeological research. The duration

of an occupation is usually limited by taphonomic processes and sample size. A new application of tooth

wear methods to archaeology is proposed for estimating the relative duration of hominid settlements in

Paleolithic sites. Dental microwear is widely used for reconstructing paleodiets and is known to be highly

sensitive to seasonal changes in diet. In this new application, we use microwear scratch counts to estimate

the variability in the dietary signal for various ungulate species resulting from anthropic accumulations in

archaeological sites.

The method used to estimate the relative duration of occupations is based on changes through time in the

diversity of food resources available to the animals. Microwear signals of dental wear in herbivorous ungu-

lates hunted by humans provide a relative estimation of the duration of site occupation by these hominids.

Each season should present a limited and different set of available food resources (plant taxa as well as avail-

able plant parts). On the other hand, across seasons, a more diverse selection of food should be available.

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