RHINO 697P Manual do Utilizador descarregar pdf (Página 53)

posed that hoards of the lithics represented stockpiled provisions for hunters who have returned from some

more southerly situated station to the north, i.e. to the area of int outcrops. Such a rational behaviour,

however, would also have demanded rationality in the way of deposition and overall character of the provi-

sions – we would expect a single deposit in a conspicuous place, instead of several hoards in various at

places in a landscape. Moreover, it would be practical to deposit raw material nodules, prospective cores or

whole blades, which is not the case here. The analysis of lithic inventory by Martin Oliva has shown that the

hoards included many exploited cores, fragments and waste. This leads us to the conclusion that the purpose

of these hoards must have been of non-utilitarian character, as it also was with pits containing large mam-

moth bones and reindeer antlers.

Michael J. Walker

Fossil Man in SE Spain: Neanderthals and pre-Neanderthals in Murcia

Since 1990 two important sites in Murcia have been under systematic excavation. At Sima de las Palomas del

Cabezo Gordo, near Torre Pacheco, 3 articulated Neanderthal skeletons were uncovered in a sealed deposit,

dated to ca. 60-40 ka (radiocarbon, U-series, OSL, ESR), containing Mousterian artifacts and faunal remains.

Skeletal remains of at least 6 more Neanderthals were found at the site. At Cueva Negra del Estrecho del

Río Quípar, near Caravaca de la Cruz, sediments laid down after 990 ka and before 780 ka (palaeomagnet-

ism, rodent biostratigraphy; pollen suggests temperate OIS 21 or 25) provided 6 „pre-Neanderthal“ human

teeth, an „Acheulian“ hand-axe aked bifacially on a at limestone cobble, and an abundant assemblage of

small chert, limestone and quartzite artifacts, including akes struck by repetitive centripetal reduction of

small discoidal „Levallois“ cores, artifacts showing abrupt „Mousteroid“ edge-retouch, and becs and limaces

comparable to those interpreted at Isernia La Pineta, Italy (730-450 ka), as small cores abandoned after bi-

polar knapping had removed very small akes for use without retouch – such very small akes abound at

Cueva Negra together with minute knapping spalls. In 2011, excavation 4.5 m down in the sedimentary ll

discovered chert split apart by thermal shock and white calcined bone fragments that had undergone com-

bustion at 500-800º C according to spectroscopic analysis – probably the earliest evidence of re at any

European Palaeolithic site.

Thomas Weber, Uwe Beye

New nds from Quaternary uvial sediments in the Middle Elbe valley near Magdeburg: valuable

sources for the Older Palaeolithic periods in Central Europe?

For the long time spans of the Central European Lower and Middle Palaeolithic, the discoveries in uvial

sediments often seem to provide the only input for reconstructing cultural history. As a result of the geo-

logical circumstances during the Middle and Upper Pleistocene, the archaeological remains have been sedi-

mented in these deposits which are now exploited for building material or form the „hanging“ strata for

lignite digging. Thus the archaeological context is often very limited in its evidence but the geological ar-

rangement is nevertheless generally excellent: As even in Central Europe (and especially in Central Germany,

south of the largest Upper Pleistocene-Weichselian Glaciation) the territories of human settlement and

glacial expansion alternated, it is possible to reconstruct the changing history of mankind’s advances up to

the northernmost borders of the oikumene.

Generally, two large glacial expansions in the Elsterian and Early Saalian Glaciations can be distinguished.

They have brought – each in several “waves” – large till (moraine) sediments to Central Germany, which can

often be found in the opencasts (lignite mines) and also in gravel pits. Before the glaciers arrived, the rivers

sedimented (Early or Anaglacial) gravel banks under the circumstances of decreasing vegetation in the

mountains. In these gravels we discover Palaeolithic artefacts and the faunal remains of different animals

from the large and small mammals up to sh reamins and mollusc shells.

In Wallendorf, some 15 km south of Halle, and in Markkleeberg near Leipzig we observed the classical

position of the Palaeolithic stone (mostly int) artefacts often more or less immediately on the base of the

gravels. During the gravel accumulation the temperature decreased up to conditions in which the glaciers

gradually approached, the waterow dried up and glacilimnic sediments were accumulated.

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