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Therefore, if game animals are hunted over various seasons during long-term occupations, then they would

be expected to show more variation in their dental wear. Extant game animals hunted in a single season only

(thus corresponding to a short-term or seasonal occupation) would be expected to have a dental wear signal

with low variation. This method has been successfully tested on samples of extant pronghorn, caribou, red

deer, and guanaco.

We present its application in archaeological assemblages of fossil ungulates at various archaeological sites

from the middle and late Pleistocene: Arago Cave (France), Taubach (Germany), Abric Romaní (Spain),

and Blackwater Draw (United States). We were able to identify signicant differences between samples of

animals hunted during a single season versus those that were hunted over an entire year (or longer peri-

ods).

✉ (1) IPHES, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, C/ Escorxador s/n, 43003 Tarragona,

Spain

(2) Area de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain

(3) Bay Path College, 588 Longmeadow Street, Longmeadow, MA 01106, USA

Jordi Rosell

1,2

, Florent Rivals

1,2

, Ruth Blasco

1,2

, Gema Chacón

1,2

, Leticia Menéndez

1,2

, Edgard Camarós

1,2

Maite Arilla

, Jordi Fábregas

1,2

Travelling Neanderthals: the case of Teixoneres Cave Level III (Moià, Catalonia, Spain)

To assess the occupational patterns in a prehistoric site, two main elements should be taken into account:

the number of people in the group and the duration of occupation at the site. In this meaning, there is a

broad spectrum of occupational models between the camp sites formed by large groups during a long pe-

riod and the short occupations made by small groups during a reduced period of time. The functionality of

these occupational models can be diverse and it depends of a multiplicity of factors, such as the availability

of resources in the environment, their seasonality, the environmental conditions, etc. From the main char-

acteristics of the archaeological record, the multidisciplinary studies can be used to recognize the occupa-

tional patterns developed in one site. From this perspective, the works carried out in Level III of Teixoneres

Cave (Moià, Barcelona, Spain) show an occupational model based on the use of the cave as an occasional

shelter by small groups of Neanderthals during very short periods of time. Teixoneres cave is part of a

karstic complex developed in the Neogene limestone (Collsuspina Formation) called Toll Caves. The strati-

graphic sequence shows more than 7 m high. Level III (MIS 3) is formed by a lutite matrix with abundant

limestone blocs from the walls and ceiling of the cavity. A signicant biological dynamic related to carnivore

activities has been identied, mainly bears and hyenas. This constant dynamic is perturbed occasionally by

the presence of human groups. The expeditious character of the human occupations can be observed from

several elements of the archaeological record: 1) the reduced dimensions and the thinness of the hearths,

2) high diversity of macromammals and low integrity of their skeletons, 3) low number of anthropogenic

bone damage (cutmarks, burning damage and bone breakage), 4) low variability in the tooth microwear pat-

tern of all ungulates, 5) diversity of allochthonous raw materials, 6) fragmented lithic operative chains char-

acterized mainly by nal products (exhausted cores and retouched akes), the local (basically the quartz) is

knapped on the spot, 7) absence of activities related to knapping or retouching of stone tools for the allo-

chtonous raw materials and, 8) limited spatial extend of the activity areas related to hearths. From all these

elements, we propose that Teixoneres cave could have represented a potential refuge for the human com-

munities of the Central Catalonia during their displacements for the territory.

✉

Area de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain.

IPHES, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, C/Escorxador s/n, 43003 Tarragona,

Spain. jordi.rosell@urv.cat (J.Rosell); friv[email protected] (F.Rivals); rb[email protected] (R.Blasco); edgard.camaros@

gmail.com (E.Camarós); lacasadelapr[email protected] (J.Fábregas).

Departament d’Història. Universitat de Lleida. Campus del Rectorat. Pl. de Víctor Siurana, 1, 25003 Lleida,

Spain. lacasadelapr[email protected] (M.Arilla)

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