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by soliuction into the upper cultural horizons. Hearths were situated at the border between the ochre col-

oured layer and the Miocene sand. Lithics were most numerous in the ochre coloured soil layer. We were

able to distinguish just one culture horizon.

In 2010 L. Lisá and D. Nývlt sampled two sections at the Želeč site for micromorphological and geochemi-

cal analyses. One section was from the southern portion of the excavated area, the second from Hearth 1.

Micromorphological analysis from Hearth 1 proved a presence of redeposited soil and layers with charcoal.

The intensity of depositional processes together with iluviation of carbonates and the presence of nodules

rich in iron is proof of a relatively mild and humid climate, with a presence of vegetation. In the upper parts

of this section it was possible to distinguish some structures connected with seasonal freezing and the pres-

ence of permafrost, with may be connected with the beginning of the last glacial maximum.

49 artefacts were excavated in situ. Another 475 lithics, most being very small, were found by wet sieving.

Tool stone is mostly spongolithe, followed by radiolarite (which was more numerous in northern part of the

excavated area). Other tool stone included Moravian Jurassic chert and Krumlovský les chert. Most of the

lithics are very tiny akes, however there were some blades and cores found as well. Some of the akes can

be described as bifacial thinning akes (Odell 2004, 121), which is refuse from the manufacture of bifaces.

The only complete tool found was a small retouched point.

It was possible to distinguish just one cultural horizon within which most of the lithics were found (Lay-

er D). Finds are concentrated in the vicinity of the hearths and are more numerous in the northern part of

the excavated area. This situation is interpreted as indication of part of a settlement with hearths, where

people retouched their tools close to the hearths, and nal products removed to other locations.

Soil from all charcoal lenses was oated and the 145 chared remains acquired were analysed by J. Novák.

46.9% of arboreal remains were larch (Larix sp.). As it was difcult to distinguish between larch and spruce

in the case of small pieces of charcoal, this group was called larch/spruce (Picea/Larix sp.), and included

25.5% or arboreal remains. 22.8% was pine (Pinus silvestris). Four samples were thought to be Swiss stone

pine (Pinus cf. limba) or 2.8% or arboreal species found. Three pieces (2.1%) were identied as juniper (Juni-

perus sp.).

In 2010 we conducted an intensive surface survey at the site collecting 1,400 Palaeolithic artefacts, including

124 tools. Tool stone was largely comprised of local orthoquartzite (32%), Moravian Jurassic chert (20%),

erratic int (13%), Stránská skála chert (9%), Krumlovský les chert (8%) spongolithe (6.5%) and radiolarite

(2%). The tool assemblage consisted of end scrapers (23%), retouched blades (21%), burins (15%), side

scrapers (15%), splitter pieces (8%) and others. We found leaf, Jerzmanowice and Levallois points. Gener-

ally the industry is classied as Bohunician with the possible addition of other technocomplexes (Szeletian,

Aurignacian). In 2011 we focused attention to a surface survey in the vicinity of the site. Within a radius of

3 km we veried the location of 8 sites mentioned in previous publications (Valoch 1967) and discovered

2 new surface sites.

Our 2012 excavation season is supported by the Hugo Obermaier Society Grant and we plan three weeks

of further excavation at Želeč, with a focus on interdisciplinary investigation of an excavated hearth. We will

emphasize scientic analyses (charcoal analyses, micromorphology) and radiocarbon dating. We also hope

to excavate a location rich in lithics.

References:

Maška, C., Obermaier, H., 1911: La station Solutréenne de Ondratitz (Moravie). L´Antropologie XII, 403-

412.

Odell, G. H., 2004: Lithic Analysis. Manuals in Archaeological Method, Theory and Technique. Springer:

Lexington, USA.

Oliva, M., 2004: Vyvinutý szeletien z lokality Ondratice Ia – Malá Začaková. AMM Sci. Soc. LXXXIX, 59-

81.

Svoboda, J., 1980: Křemencová industrie z Ondratic. K problému počátků mladého paleolitu. Studie AÚ

ČSAV Brno, Praha.

Škrdla, P., Mlejnek, O. 2010: Želeč (k. ú. Želeč na Hané, okr. Prostějov), Přehled výzkumů 51, 296-301.

Valoch, K., 1967: Die altsteinzeitlichen Stationen im Raum von Ondratice in Mähren. AMM Sci. soc. LII,

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