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Sandrine Costamagno, William Rendu, Marie-Cécile Soulier

Specialized hunting in Middle Palaeolithic

During the past fteen years, a growing amount of archaeozoological work has proved that Neanderthals

subsisted primarily by hunting herbivores coming from a wide variety of environments, possibly comple-

mented by scavenging. However, although numerous Mousterian sites exhibit a monospecic faunal spec-

trum (La Borde, Mauran, Coudoulous I, Wallertheim, Jonzac), the existence of specialized hunting strate-

gies, which refers to the communal hunting of large numbers of animals and the processing of meat for

storage among Neanderthals is still debated. Faunal spectrum alone is not enough to discuss the hunting

strategies developed for their acquisition and the relative importance of the prey in Neanderthal diet. There-

fore, our study focuses on Neanderthal hunting strategies by using different proxies such as prey selection

and carcass exploitation in two Late Pleistocene sites: Mauran and Les Pradelles. These sites share all the

characteristics (high quantity of faunal material, specialized faunal spectrum, large number of prey, cata-

strophic mortality prole, seasonal kill, possible selective transport of the richest elements) usually recog-

nized in communal hunting context. The conclusions underline that the subsistence economy of the Nean-

dertals involves the planned procurement of animal resources with the intention of storing surplus in

anticipation of future food needs. It demonstrates that Neanderthal populations in Southwestern Europe

already possessed the necessary technical and cognitive capacities.

✉ UMR 5608, Université Toulouse Le Mirail, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allées A. Machado, 31058 Toulouse

cedex 9, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

K. Čuláková, J. Eigner

Open site settlement strategies during Bohemian mesolithics

In general there are two basic groups of settlement types: 1) open sites 2) settlement in the caves and around

rock shelters. Ussualy second type is better known, but for the majority of Europe doubtless the rst one

was be more common. In this paper we would like to present what we know about open site settlement in

selected regions of Bohemia.

In Bohemia there are few well known areas. We had chosen region around Vysoké Mýto and Upper Otava

River region, which we know from our own work. Than we would like to present short excursion about

mesolithic upland settlement in Bohemia. We compare our prospection with published works, espessialy

about Southern Bohemia, where is open site settlement best processed.

Even in country as small as Bohemia is, we can see differences between archeological record of mesolithic

settlement in different regions. In presented examples there are variances in density of the sites, in the quan-

tity of pieces in collections, in the diversity of used raw materials and others.

Doris Döppes

, Martina Pacher

, Christine Frischauf

& Gernot Rabeder

Arzberg Cave (Kat. no. 1741/4) near Wildalpen, Austria – an interdisciplinary approach

The Arzberg Cave (1741/4) is located in the northern area of the Hochschwab mountain range, approx.

3.5 km W of Wildalpen in the valley of the river Salza. The main entrance is situated 748 m above sea level.

The Arzberg Cave has four entrances consisting of the main entrance at the base of the wall and three

windows, which open into the rock wall above. A second higher level of the cave system is reached by an

8 m long ladder. The uphill-leading spacious main gallery leads into the Blockwerkhalle. From here, the 60 m

long, horizontal Lehmgang, which is the end of the cave system, was reached in 2006. The actual total length

of the cave is 1021 m and horizontal extent is 202 m. The highest point reached in the chimney of the

Wasserfalldom is 131 m above the entrance. After the rst new surveys in 2006 and 2008 (Plan et al., 2009a),

the research of the Arzberg Cave by the Speleological Society of Vienna and Lower Austria (“Landesverein

für Höhlenkunde in Wien und Niederösterreich”) continues.

In the Arzberg Cave ndings of cave bear bones were reported by Redtenbacher (1974). Ofcial excava-

tions have taken place since 2008 (Döppes et al. 2009). The bone material consisted only of cave bear (Ursus

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