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Perhaps we can distinguish two large periods of gravel sedimentation in the Central German rivers between

Elsterian and Saalian Glaciations – the so-called „Older Middle Pleistocene“ and the „Main Terrace“ (in

Central Germany more or less immediately preceding the Drenthe phase) containing different types of ar-

chaeological material – „Clactonian“ and „Acheulian“. As these two technocomplexes can easily be distin-

guished, the third gravel sedimentation phase in the „Lower Terrace“ of probably Early Weichselian Age

seems to frequently contain „Acheuloid“ archaeological nds and the „typical“ Upper Pleistocene invento-

ries have often been found in other – e. g. lacustrine – sediments (like Königsaue) or different kinds of

sedimental trap (like Westeregeln: carstic conditions). It cannot be ruled out that the special conditions of

sedimentation in uvial gravels have favoured the preservation of rather robust stone artefacts, producing

a somewhat biased picture of the actual artefact inventory.

Sometimes – like in the Middle Elbe valley – the gravels are removed up to 20 m below the ground water

level and it is impossible to reconstruct the exact conditions of sedimentation. Therefore we have to take

into account that the material digged in these gravel pits is mixed from the Middle Pleistocene up to the

Holocene, in which a slight gravel accumulation or re-sedimentation (with side erosion and new terrace ac-

cumulation) had taken place. We can observe quite different human cultural remains – from the Older Pal-

aeolithic handaxes through – rather rare – Upper Palaeolithic antler artefacts (Lyngby hoe from Zerben near

Genthin: TOEPFER 1972) and also Upper Palaeolithic (or later) blades and blade cores, spectacular wood-

en artefacts dated in the Neolithic and Iron Age periods (BERAN et al. 1990) up to Bronze swords (LANGE

1986, 229-230) and an Early Medieval amulet capsule (PÖPPELMANN 2005).

On the other hand, the large amount of int industry coming from different gravel pits in the Middle Elbe

river and even the material from the better observable sediments in the former Hundisburg Parkkiesgrube

some 20 km northwest and several meters above the ground water level (geologically dated in the Saalian

glaciation: ERTMER 2011, 15-17) seemed to be quite homogeneous from the viewpoint of tool (and core)

typology and ake technology as well. Already TOEPFER (1970) classied these pieces as „Middle

Acheulian“ comparable, e. g., to the classical material from the Somme valley. The technological data col-

lected in the publication about the ake technology of the Middle Elbe sites also suppose such a correlation

(WEBER 1997). Interestingly, for other neighboured outcrops many other datings were favoured (e. g.

Weichselian, sometimes with re-deposited Saalian material: Zerben – STEINER 1963; TOEPFER 1972;

Gübs – following the owner´s geological expertise from 1996). On Frohser Berg, a Saalian end moraine 10

km south of Magdeburg, in compressed gravels (with the same petrographical composition as the Elbe

river gravels – without eastern Saxonian or Bohemian material) several “Acheuloid” artefacts were collected

(WEBER 1989). Furthermore, a small trench in Magdeburg-Nord (Pfahlberg) Late Saalian alluvial sands has

rendered a rolled compact int ake apparently situated in a gravel sediment.

The new nds from Barleben near Magdeburg recovered during the sieving of material from a more than

13 m deep gravel pit below the ground water level (using a “special method” – as shown in a lm sequence

in the presentation), however, show clearly that here human cultural remains – and (hominid and animal)

bones – from different periods were mixed. From the geological point of view, the lowermost 16-18 m were

classied as „Saalian“ or „Late Elsterian gravels“ covered by Holocene gravels, sands, and alluvial clays.

The archaeological nds – mostly int artefacts but also prehistoric ceramics and different animal remains

(perhaps Upper Pleistocene Mammoth tusks and teeth, several human fossils, by Radiocarbon dated in the

century A. D.) contain rstly the characteristic „Acheuloid“ artefacts – handaxes, „Levallois“ tortoise

cores, akes with facetted platforms and a high portion of dorsal worked surface, but also single pieces

which appear rather rarely in such a context – small reduced discoid cores comparable, e. g., to Königsaue

or one nearly „perfect“ leaf point fragment similar to, e. g., Ranis 2. Of course, it cannot be decided which

part of the associated industry should be assigned to such an archaeological context. Generally, it seems to

be an interesting task to also date single pieces reecting human impact in the region as for some phases of

the Weichselian Middle Palaeolithic – such as for the „leaf point industries“ of the glacial maximum – they

would mark the northernmost known settlements.

References:

Beran, J.; B. Lange & Th. Weber 1990: Neufunde prähistorischer Holzartefakte aus dem Elbekieswerk

Magdeburg-Neustadt. Ausgrabungen und Funde 35, 161-165.

Ertmer, St. 2011: Die Parkkiesgrube Hundisburg. Steinwerkzeuge des frühen Neandertalers in den Schot-

tern der Beber. Jahresschrift der Museen des Landkreises Börde 51(18), 13-38

Lange, B. 1986: Bodendenkmalpege in den Kiesabbaugebieten der Elbniederung des Magdeburger Raumes.

Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte 69, 225-234.

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