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century. In the 1920s, Peyrony attributed the assemblages to the Mousterian of Acheulean Tradition

(MTA). Excavations following modern methods were rst conducted in the 1990s under the direction of

M. Lenoir and H. Dibble as part of their larger investigation of Combe Capelle Bas. Since 2009, M. Lenoir

and S. McPherron have been excavating the site.

Abri Peyrony is situated at the base of a cliff near the top of an Upper Cretaceous limestone plateau that

faces the Couze River, a tributary of the Dordogne. Despite the name, Abri Peyrony is not a true rock shel-

ter, but is really an open-air occupation site located against a backing cliff line. The rich MTA layers are

relatively thin (less than a meter) and only 10s of centimeters below the modern surface. Despite their shal-

low situation, the layers are relatively undisturbed by post-depositional alteration and represent sealed con-

texts that contain only MTA material. The excellent preservation of this shallow, open-air Middle Paleo-

lithic site is due to the unusual geological situation of Abri Peyrony: tufa deposits, formed from

groundwater seeps at the cliff base, have sealed the archaeological layers, preventing extensive bioturbation

or other post-depositional disturbance. A micromorphological investigation of the layers at Abri Peyrony

shows that some of the deposits and features are anthropogenic and directly related to combustion prac-

tices. Micromorphological analysis of the tufa and pedogenic processes allows for a preliminary assessment

of site formation history and paleoenvironmental conditions in the valley during the Mousterian occupa-

tion.

✉

Institute for Archaeological Science, University of Tübingen, Germany

Department of Archaeology, Boston University, USA

Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

PACEA, University of Bordeaux I, France

Ondrej Mlejnek, Petr Škrdla, Gilbert Tostevin, Jan Novák, Lenka Lisá

Interdisciplinary research at the Želeč/Ondratice I site in central Moravia (Czech Republic)

The excavated site is located within a sand mine located 1.5km north-west of Želeč. Known as Želeč/On-

dratice I – Velká Začaková, Holcase, it is one of the earliest Palaeolithic sites discovered in Moravia. At the

beginning of the 20

century amateur collectors H. Hostínek and J. Možný collected lithics in the area. In

1911 K. J. Maška and H. Obermaier introduced this site in academic publication under the name Ondratice

(Maška, Obermaier 1911). Most Moravian Palaeolithic specialists have been interested in this site and, in the

main, they divided the assemblage into chert and orthoquatzite components for no clearly objective reason.

The orthoquartzite component was analysed by J. Svoboda (1980), who concluded that it could be classied

as Bohunician with inuences of other Early Upper Palaeolithic cultures, such as Szeletian (at retouch) and

Aurignacian (steep retouch). The chert component has not yet been analysed, however M. Oliva thought it

would likely resemble the Szeletian, based on his analysis of an assemble from the near-by Ondratice Ia

(Oliva 2004).

As part of „The Early Upper Palaeolithic occupation in Brno Basin and surrounds’’ project we visited the

site in 2009. Some lithics were found near the sand mine. Two of three test pits resulted in nds. In both,

there were two soil horizons with charcoal lying between the Miocene sand and loess cover. One ake was

excavated in situ in the rst test pit. A charcoal sample sent for a radiocarbon dating from this spot was

dated to 39800 BP ± 1,400 (Poz-33108). As a result we decided to excavate a trench (65x1x1 m) from the

second test pit to the southwest. Ten charcoal lenses were found up to 1 m wide and 10 cm thick (Škrdla,

Mlejnek 2010). An end scraper was found close to one of these lances.

Archaeological excavation was conducted at this location in 2010 and 2011, in cooperation with students

from Masaryk University and the University of Minnesota. We excavated a 12 m

area subdivided into 50 cm

squares. Soil was sieved and all artefacts, charcoal lenses and large stones were recorded in 3 dimensions. We

managed to excavate 3 charcoal lenses, which were interpreted as hearths. Some samples were taken for

radiocarbon dating and charcoal analysis. We took also some sediment samples for micromorphological and

geochemical analyses.

We are waiting for the results of geochemical analyses. Macroscopically, the following stratigraphic situation

was found: Under a 40 cm thick plough zone and 50 cm thick Würmian loess there were two distinct soil

layers with cultural nds. An upper layer of brown soil containing isolated charcoal pieces, and a lower ochre

coloured layer, separated by a sharp boundary. Bedrock was formed by Miocene sand, transported in spots

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