RHINO 697P Manual do Utilizador descarregar pdf (Página 27)

Neanderthals used the site for several occupations. The different biotopes around the site provided access

to diverse resources. Oxygen and Carbon stable isotope analyses were carried out on tooth enamel from

various Herbivores, Carnivores and (for the rst time) a Neanderthal. Diet, habitat reconstruction and inu-

ence of climatic change were investigated with this method. Another research question was to compare the

results from stable isotope analyses to the results from dental wear analyses (mesowear and microwear) on

the same teeth. It is a comparison of both, the methods itself and the results of both methods.

A reconstruction of the ecology around Payre was possible, showing that the local topography is the largest

inuence. Pleistocene climatic changes do not inuence diet and habitat of the herbivores at this site and

therefore no change in hunting behavior and technology occurred through time.

Julia Elsner, Jörg Schibler, Angela Schlumbaum

Population Genetics of Swiss Horses before, during, and after the Last Glacial Maximum

Wild horses were widespread during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, and at least three subspecies

have been described morphologically in Eurasia. Geometric morphometrics indicate a regional fragmentation

of populations and the absence of large migrations during the Late Glacial in Western Europe. Phylogenetic

networks reveal a complex pattern of modern horse relationships and low genetic structure within and be-

tween breeds. The genetic diversity of ancient regional wild populations is unknown because of their extinc-

tion. The exception is the Przewalski horse, which, however, underwent a severe bottleneck recently.

In my PhD I use ancient DNA technology to investigate spatial and temporal genetic variation in wild

equids from Switzerland. Bones and teeth were recovered from various Palaeolithic and Neolithic site con-

texts, the earliest dating to 34,800 – 33,400 cal. BC. They were typed with maternally inherited mitochon-

drial (mt) markers. Changes in mtDNA patterns are used to assess the dynamics between local groups of

wild horses before, during, and after the LGM and to link the appearance of the rst non-local and most

probably domesticated horses with the establishment of breeds in a dened regional setting.

Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science IPAS, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 Basel,

✉ J[email protected]

Florian A. Fladerer, Tina A. Salcher-Jedrasiak, Marc Händel

Questions from the hearth: did Mammoth marrow feed the Gravettians or their res?

A three-phase hearth structure with a diameter of almost 1.5 meter within the 27 ka BP Krems-Wachtberg

campsite and the surrounding compacted occupation surface yielded 30,000 bone fragments. The generally

highly fractured bones are mainly from Mammuthus, Equus, Rangifer and Capra ibex, and they include a consider-

able portion of cancellous bone as well as green-fractured compact limb bone. Based on the most accurate

macroscopic determination, we present a detailed analysis of species, skeletal part, combustion intensity, green-

bone modication and fragment size. The results are discussed in order to provide new insights into Gravet-

tian campsite maintenance behaviour and, more generally, into the regional mammoth steppe economy.

Reference:

Fladerer, F. A. Salcher-Jedrasiak T. A., Händel M. (submitted): Hearth-side bone assemblages within the

27 ka BP Krems-Wachtberg settlement: red ribs and the mammoth bone grease hypothesis.

Damien Flas

, Ksenia Kolobova

, Andreï Krivoshapkin

, Konstantin Pavlenok

The Middle and Upper Palaeolithic in Central Asia: new results from Kulbulak (Uzbekistan)

Kulbulak is an open-air site located at the foot of the Tian-Shan Mountains in eastern Uzbekistan. It has

been excavated between the 1960’s and the 1990’s mainly by M. Kasymov who brought to light a 19 meter

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